Bachelor of Engineering / Bachelor of Science

Analysts define software requirements and specifications and guide program design and development.

The analyst's role sits between the initial business analysis stage and the detailed system design, building and programming stages of the systems development process.

Astronomers study planets, stars, galaxies and other objects in the observable universe and use this information for theoretical and practical purposes.

Biochemists study the chemistry of living systems to increase scientific knowledge and develop ways to apply this knowledge in areas such as medicine, veterinary science, agriculture, environmental science and manufacturing. Biochemistry provides a basis for all the life sciences.

Botanists study the biology of all types of plants to increase scientific knowledge and apply this knowledge in areas such as conservation and management of natural resources, agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medicine and biotechnology.

Chemical engineers design and coordinate the construction and operation of manufacturing facilities and processes which convert raw materials into everyday products such as petrol, toothpaste, pharmaceuticals and plastics.

Chemists study the physical and chemical properties of materials to determine their composition. They use this information to develop new materials and products, to devise more efficient processes for making materials and to increase scientific knowledge.

Chemists should not be confused with pharmacists (see separate entry for Pharmacist).

Civil engineers plan, design, construct, operate and maintain roads, bridges, dams, water supply schemes, sewerage systems, transportation systems, harbours, canals, dockyards, airports, railways, factories and large buildings.

Electrical engineers design, develop and supervise the manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of electrical systems. They work on systems for the generation, distribution, utilisation and control of electric power. They also work on electronic systems used for computing, communications and other industrial applications.

Electronics engineers design, develop, test and maintain electronic parts and systems used in computers, communications, navigation, industry and entertainment.

Environmental scientists measure and record features of the environment and study, assess and develop methods of controlling or minimising the harmful effects of human activity on the environment.

Forensic scientists apply scientific procedures and techniques to the examination of potential evidence that may assist in legal investigations.

Geographic information systems officers design, develop and customise geographic information systems and provide technical and analytical support to address issues such as environmental management, exploration and mining, land ownership and titles, urban and regional planning, utilities and asset management, and demographic marketing.

Geologists study the nature, composition and structure of the earth to increase scientific knowledge and locate materials and minerals. They also advise on the extraction of minerals, as well as environmental protection and rehabilitation of land after mining.

Industrial engineers plan, organise, supervise and manage the operations of industries to ensure the economical, safe and effective use of materials, energy and people.

Marine biologists study the origin, structure, functions and behaviour of all forms of life in the sea and connected estuaries, rivers and lakes, as well as their relationships with each other and how they are affected by environmental factors.

Materials engineers investigate the properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and other materials and develop and assess their commercial and engineering applications.

Mathematicians apply and develop mathematical principles to solve problems in all areas of the sciences, technology, social sciences, business, industry and commerce.

Mechanical engineers plan, design and oversee the development, installation, operation and maintenance of machinery. They conduct research to solve practical engineering problems and improve efficiency.

Metallurgists research, control and develop processes used in extracting minerals from ore (rock) for refining metals.

Meteorologists forecast the weather and study the atmosphere to improve the understanding of climate.

Microbiologists study microscopic forms of life such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae and fungi to increase scientific knowledge and develop medical, veterinary, industrial, environmental and other practical applications.

Mining engineers plan and direct the engineering aspects of extracting mineral resources from the earth.

Physicists study the behaviour of the physical world at the most basic level and find practical ways to apply new knowledge gained from their research in areas of science and technology.

Programmers write, test and maintain computer programs to ensure that the computer application meets the needs of the users of the computer system.

Psychologists study human behaviour and the processes associated with how people think and feel; conduct research and provide treatment and counselling in order to reduce distress and behavioural and psychological problems; and promote mental health and positive behaviour in individuals and groups.

Psychologists work on a broad range of issues with clients, including children, adults, couples, families and organisations.

Zoologists are biologists who study the structures, characteristics, functions, ecology and environments of animals to increase scientific knowledge and develop practical applications in wildlife management, conservation, agriculture and medicine.